Fragile X syndrome is also known as the Martin-Bell syndrome. In 1943, J.Purdon Martin and Julia Bell looked into a family that consisted of males with mental retardation. Martin and Bell showed that the disorder was X-linked inheritance. In 1969, Herbet Lubs developed a test that showed a genetic material on the arms of the X chromosome, he called marker X chromosomes. Lubs found the material in the affected males and their unaffected females siblings. By 1970, Frederick Hecht identified the "fragile x" site and the FMR1 gene was noticed in 1991.
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